The World Energy Outlook 2025 is the IEA’s flagship assessment of global energy system trends, policy trajectories, and technology pathways. Its analysis provides essential context for coal repowering by highlighting the scale, timing, and system-level constraints shaping the transition away from unabated fossil fuel power.
The report analyses global energy demand, supply, and emissions across multiple scenarios reflecting current policies, announced pledges, and more ambitious transition pathways. It examines how electricity systems evolve as renewables scale rapidly, electrification accelerates, and investment shifts toward low-carbon technologies.